Last Generation inverters with grid-forming controls are now being built to support power grids with huge amounts of renewable and intermittent inverter-based power generation sources like solar, wind, and batteries.
In a manner analogous to autonomous vehicles' capacity to navigate and control themselves in accordance with traffic conditions, grid-forming inverters can perceive and react to real-time grid fluctuations. This capability enables a network of solar energy systems to allocate a portion of its inverters to function in grid-forming mode, with the remaining units mirroring their behavior. This is essential for the grid's operation to remain dependable and resilient, and it enables them to maintain stable grid voltages and frequencies despite disturbances and disruptions.
The Traditional “grid-following” inverters, now mainly in use, require normal grid voltage and frequency controlled by the big non-intermittent (i.e. fossil) power plants before they can inject power into the grid.
The Biden administration established the objective of decarbonizing the electricity grid by 2035. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) stated that wind and solar power could supply up to 80% of the grid's generation on a 100% pure electricity grid. The rise of intermittent power generation (i.e. renewables) will necessitate grid adjustment to the new energy technologies. One obvious improvement is intelligent grid-forming instead of grid following inverters. Australia is the first country to promote grid-forming inverters through the Australian Energy Market Operator, AEMO.
https://aemo.com.au/-/media/files/initiatives/primary-frequency-response/2023/gfm-voluntary-spec.pdf
The future grid is distinguished by three primary attributes: reduced inertia, increased uncertainty, and a greater dispersion of energy resources. DOE is investing in technology demonstration, research, and development to support the operation of a power system that generates up to 80% of its energy from wind and solar, with periods of time when inverter-based resources comprise nearly 100% of the system.
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